References

The Beauty Chef pioneered the inner beauty industry with our philosophy that ‘beauty begins in the belly®’ and has a range of bio-fermented, wholefood, probiotic beauty supplements to help balance digestive health and promote glowing skin from within.

Derived from nature and supported by science, The Beauty Chef products are rich in prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics – for holistic health, beauty and wellbeing.

WE ARE… BIO-FERMENTED

More than 20 years of research has gone into the development of our unique and natural bio-fermentation process called FloraCulture™. This process involves introducing a ‘mother culture’ – containing 14 species of beneficial bacteria and yeasts including those from the genera of Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces into the ingredients to ferment for a period of 6–8 weeks. The bacteria break down the ingredients – making the nutrients more bioavailable for the body to use – and supercharges their benefits55, creating bioactive nutrition and a broad-spectrum, food-based probiotic for holistic health, beauty and wellbeing.

WE ARE… BIO-FERMENTED

More than 20 years of research has gone into the development of our unique and natural bio-fermentation process called FloraCulture™. This process involves introducing a ‘mother culture’ – containing 14 species of beneficial bacteria and yeasts including those from the genera of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces – into the ingredients to ferment for a period of 6–8 weeks. The bacteria break down the ingredients – making the nutrients more bioavailable for the body to use – and supercharges their benefits, creating bioactive nutrition and a broad-spectrum, food-based probiotic for holistic health, beauty and wellbeing.

WE ARE… MICROBIOLOGIST APPROVED

We work with leading microbiologists on cutting-edge research to deliver scientifically formulated food-based probiotic powders and elixirs which, we believe, are essential for digestive health and skin radiance. We are dedicated to spending more of our time and resources on research into the correlation between gut health and certain strains of bacteria and how they impact the health of the skin as well as overall health and wellbeing.

WE ARE… GUT FRIENDLY

The Beauty Chef formulas contain food-based prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics to help balance the gut and feed the skin from within. Unlike a probiotic supplement which you may get in the supermarket which only carries one or two strains, The Beauty Chef products offer multiple natural, food-based strains. Our lacto-fermented foods not only product probiotics, they also act as prebiotics – feeding the beneficial bacteria in your gut. Both are essential for helping to balance and boost gut health.

WE ARE… ORGANIC & NATURAL

We use pure Certified Organic (wherever possible) and biodynamic wholefood ingredients in The Beauty Chef products. Studies have shown that organic foods contain greater levels of some nutrients and phytochemicals56 than conventionally grown produce, and when these foods are combined with our natural fermentation process, powerful, live and bioactive formulas are created. The result? Inner Beauty Products that are truly good for your body, beauty and belly.

WE ARE… MICROBIOLOGIST APPROVED

We work with leading microbiologists on cutting-edge research to deliver scientifically formulated food-based probiotic powders and elixirs which, we believe, are essential for digestive health and skin radiance. We are dedicated to spending more of our time and resources on research into the correlation between gut health and certain strains of bacteria and how they impact the health of the skin as well as overall health and wellbeing.

WE ARE… GUT FRIENDLY

All of The Beauty Chef formulas are supercharged – containing food-based prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics to help balance the gut and feed the skin from within. Unlike a probiotic supplement you may find in the supermarket which often only carries one or two species or strains, The Beauty Chef products offer multiple natural, food-based strains. Our lacto-fermented foods not only product probiotics, but they also act as prebiotics – feeding the beneficial bacteria in your gut. Both are essential for promoting microbial diversity and helping to balance and boost digestive health.

WE ARE… ORGANIC & NATURAL

We only use the cleanest, most pure Certified Organic and biodynamic wholefood ingredients in The Beauty Chef products. Studies have shown that organic foods contain greater levels of nutrients than conventionally grown produce, and when these foods are combined with our natural fermentation process, powerful, live and bioactive formulas are created. The result? Inner beauty products that are truly good for your body, beauty and belly.


THE FUNDAMENTALS OF GUT HEALTH

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2 Guinane CM, Cotter PD. Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2013;6(4):295–308. doi:10.1177/1756283X13482996

3 “Microbes Help Produce Serotonin in Gut | Caltech.” The California Institute of Technology.

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7 Vighi, G, et al. “Allergy and the Gastrointestinal System.” Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Blackwell Science Inc, Sept. 2008

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13 Salem I, Ramser A, Isham N, Ghannoum MA. The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1459. Published 2018 Jul 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01459

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15 M Hasan Mohajeri, Giorgio La Fata, Robert E Steinert, Peter Weber, Relationship between the gut microbiome and brain function, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 76, Issue 7, July 2018, Pages 481–496, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy009

16 Martin CR, Osadchiy V, Kalani A, Mayer EA. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;6(2):133–148. Published 2018 Apr 12. doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.04.003

17 Harvard School of Public Health The Nutrition Source: The Microbiome https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/microbiome/

18 Tlaskalová-Hogenová H, Stěpánková R, Kozáková H, et al. The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases. Cell Mol Immunol. 2011;8(2):110–120. doi:10.1038/cmi.2010.67

19 Mathias Hornef, Pathogens, Commensal Symbionts, and Pathobionts: Discovery and Functional Effects on the Host, ILAR Journal, Volume 56, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 159–162, https://doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ilv007

20 Carabotti M, Scirocco A, Maselli MA, Severi C. The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann Gastroenterol. 2015;28(2):203–209.

21 Iebba V, Totino V, Gagliardi A, Santangelo F, Cacciotti F, Trancassini M, Mancini C, Cicerone C, Corazziari E, Pantanella F, Schippa S. Eubiosis and dysbiosis: the two sides of the microbiota. New Microbiol. 2016 Jan;39(1):1-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 26922981

22 Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:598. Published 2017 May 23. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598

23 Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:598. Published 2017 May 23. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598

24 Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:598. Published 2017 May 23. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598

25 Mu Q, Kirby J, Reilly CM, Luo XM. Leaky Gut As a Danger Signal for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:598. Published 2017 May 23. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598

26 Mabbott N. A breakdown in communication? Understanding the effects of aging on the human small intestine epithelium Clinical Science (2015) 129, 529–531 doi: 10.1042/CS20150364

THE LINK BETWEEN GUT HEALTH AND SKIN HEALTH

72 “Salem, Iman, et al. “The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis.” Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media S

73 Ellis, Samantha R, et al. “The Skin and Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Common Dermatologic Conditions.” Microorganisms, MDPI, 11 Nov. 2019, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920876/.

74 Szántó, Magdolna, et al. “Targeting the Gut‐Skin Axis-Probiotics as New Tools for Skin Disorder Management?” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 28 Aug. 2019, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/exd.14016.

75 “Marynick, Samuel P., and Author AffiliationsFrom the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology. “Androgen Excess in Cystic Acne: NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM198304283081701

76  Bowe, Whitney P, and Alan C Logan. “Acne Vulgaris, Probiotics and the Gut-Brain-Skin Axis - Back to the Future?” Gut Pathogens, BioMed Central, 31 Jan. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038963/.

77  Katta, Rajani, and Megan Schlichte. “Diet and Dermatitis: Food Triggers.” The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, Matrix Medical Communications, Mar. 2014, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3970830/

78  Forno, Erick, et al. “Diversity of the Gut Microbiota and Eczema in Early Life.” Clinical and Molecular Allergy : CMA, BioMed Central, 22 Sept. 2008, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P

79  Weiss, Emma, and Rajani Katta. “Diet and Rosacea: the Role of Dietary Change in the Management of Rosacea.” Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, Derm101.Com, 31 Oct. 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P

80  Weiss, Emma, and Rajani Katta. “Diet and Rosacea: the Role of Dietary Change in the Management of Rosacea.” Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, Derm101.Com, 31 Oct. 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5718124/

81  Alesa, Dalal I, et al. “The Role of Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and the Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics.” Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 15 Nov. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6881942/.

82  “Keratosis Pilaris Differential Diagnoses.” Keratosis Pilaris Differential Diagnoses, 9 Sept. 2019, emedicine.medscape.com/article/1070651-differential#.

83  Nagpal, Ravinder, et al. “Gut Microbiome and Aging: Physiological and Mechanistic Insights.” Nutrition and Healthy Aging, IOS Press, 15 June 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PM

FACTORS THAT IMPACT GUT HEALTH

32 Antvorskov, Julie C et al. “Dietary Gluten Alters the Balance of pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in T Cells of BALB/c Mice.” Immunology 138.1 (2013): 23–33. PMC. Web. 3 Sept. 2018

33 He, Mei, et al. “Effects of Cow's Milk Beta-Casein Variants on Symptoms of Milk Intolerance in Chinese Adults: a Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Study.” Nutrition Journal, BioMed Central, 25 Oct. 2017

34 Hutkins RW, Krumbeck JA, Bindels LB, et al. Prebiotics: why definitions matter. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2016;37:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.001

35 Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. J Nutr. 1995;125:1401–1412

36 Slavin J. Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients. 2013;5(4):1417–1435. Published 2013 Apr 22. doi:10.3390/nu5041417

37 Tzounis, X, et al. “Prebiotic Evaluation of Cocoa-Derived Flavanols in Healthy Humans by Using a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Intervention Study.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, Jan. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068351.

38 Shi, Lye Huey, et al. “Beneficial Properties of Probiotics.” Tropical Life Sciences Research, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, Aug. 2016

39 Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Vicario M, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pascua-García R, Santos J. A Review of Microbiota and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Future in Therapies. Adv Ther. 2018;35(3):289–310. doi:10.1007/s12325-018-0673-5

40 Didari T, Mozaffari S, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Effectiveness of probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome: Updated systematic review with meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(10):3072–3084. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.3072

41 Moayyedi P, Ford AC, Talley NJ, et al The efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review Gut 2010;59:325-332

42 Kim, J. Y., Kwon, J. H., Ahn, S. H., Lee, S. I., Han, Y. S., Choi, Y. O., et al. (2010). Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 21, e386–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00958.x

43 Drago L, De Vecchi E, Toscano M, Vassena C, Altomare G, Pigatto P. Treatment of atopic dermatitis eczema with a high concentration of Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 associated with an innovative gelling complex: a pilot study on adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48 Suppl 1:S47-S51

44 Gao L et al A Novel Postbiotic From Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function Front. Microbiol., 14 March 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00477

45 Gao L et al A Novel Postbiotic From Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function Front. Microbiol., 14 March 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00477

46 Tsilingiri K, Rescigno M. Postbiotics: what else? Benef Microbes. 2013 Mar1;4(1):101-7. doi: 10.3920/BM2012.0046. Review. PubMed PMID: 23271068.

47 Gao, et al. “A Novel Postbiotic From Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function.” Frontiers, Frontiers, 25 Feb. 2019, www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00477/full.

48 “Health Benefits of Fermented Foods: Microbiota and Beyond.” Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Elsevier Current Trends, 18 Dec. 2016, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095816691630266X

49 Victoria Bell, Jorge Ferrão, Lígia Pimentel, Manuela Pintado, and Tito Fernandes, One Health. Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota. Foods. 2018 Dec; 7(12): 195. doi: 10.3390/foods7120195

50 Holscher, Hannah D. “Dietary Fiber and Prebiotics and the Gastrointestinal Microbiota.” Gut Microbes, Taylor & Francis

51 Sun et al. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote Th1 cell IL-10 production to maintain intestinal homeostasis Nature Communications 9, Article number: 3555 (2018)

52 Li M, van Esch BCAM, Henricks PAJ, Folkerts G, Garssen J. The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide- or Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Endothelial Cells via Activation of GPR41/43 and Inhibition of HDACs. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:533. Published 2018 May 23. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00533

53 Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018 Feb 15;24(3):558-572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029.

54 https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002136.htm

55 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614039/

56 Birt, Diane F, et al. “Resistant Starch: Promise for Improving Human Health.” Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), American Society for Nutrition, 6 Nov. 2013

57 Gareau, Melanie G., et al. “Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Intestina Damage.” Http://Www.eurekaselect.com, 31 May 2008, www.eurekaselect.com/67040/article.

58 Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130(4):601–630. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601

59 Morey JN, Boggero IA, Scott AB, Segerstrom SC. Current Directions in Stress and Human Immune Function. Curr Opin Psychol. 2015;5:13–17. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.007

60 Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-Skin Connection: Stress, Inflammation and Skin Aging. Inflammation & Allergy Drug targets. 2014; 13(3):177-190 doi:10.2174/1871528113666140522104422

61 Yoon, Mi Young, and Sang Sun Yoon. “Disruption of the Gut Ecosystem by Antibiotics.” Yonsei Medical Journal, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 1 Jan. 2018

OUR SCIENCE

62 Victoria Bell, Jorge Ferrão, Lígia Pimentel, Manuela Pintado, and Tito Fernandes, One Health. Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota. Foods. 2018 Dec; 7(12): 195. doi: 10.3390/foods7120195

63 Crinnion WJ. Organic foods contain higher levels of certain nutrients, lower levels of pesticides, and may provide health benefits for the consumer. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Apr;15(1):4-12

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

64 Iebba V, Totino V, Gagliardi A, Santangelo F, Cacciotti F, Trancassini M, Mancini C, Cicerone C, Corazziari E, Pantanella F, Schippa S. Eubiosis and dysbiosis: the two sides of the microbiota. New Microbiol. 2016 Jan;39(1):1-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 26922981

65 Rosenfeld Y, Shai Y Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin)-host defense antibacterial peptides interactions: Role in bacterial resistance and prevention of sepsis Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Biomembranes Volume 1758, Issue 9, September 2006, Pages 1513-1522

66 Iebba V, Totino V, Gagliardi A, Santangelo F, Cacciotti F, Trancassini M, Mancini C, Cicerone C, Corazziari E, Pantanella F, Schippa S. Eubiosis and dysbiosis: the two sides of the microbiota. New Microbiol. 2016 Jan;39(1):1-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 26922981

67 Williamson G. The role of polyphenols in modern nutrition. Nutr Bull. 2017;42(3):226–235. doi:10.1111/nbu.12278

68 Sun et al. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote Th1 cell IL-10 production to maintain intestinal homeostasis Nature Communications 9, Article number: 3555 (2018)

69 Li M, van Esch BCAM, Henricks PAJ, Folkerts G, Garssen J. The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids on Lipopolysaccharide- or Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Endothelial Cells via Activation of GPR41/43 and Inhibition of HDACs. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:533. Published 2018 May 23. doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00533

70 Gonçalves P, Araújo JR, Di Santo JP. A Cross-Talk Between Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Host Mucosal Immune System Regulates Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018 Feb 15;24(3):558-572. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx029.

71 Jürgen Schrezenmeir, Michael de Vrese, Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—approaching a definition, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 73, Issue 2, February 2001, Pages 361s–364s, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.2.361s .